Journal-bearing



\ (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 1.-

- '1. J. WOOD.

JOURNAL BEARING. 7 No. 421,089. Paten t d Feb. 11, 1890.

- INVENTOR: WITNESSES 9 9 fwd.

I I By his A fl orneys, Mm 920 -m m G51 4 Sheets -Sheet 2. -;J. J. W0.JOURNAL BEAR Patented Feb. 11, 1890.

INVENTOR:

' 4 SheetsSheet 4.

(No Model.)

J-. J. WOOD. J'OURNAL BEARING.

Patented Feb. 11, 1890 ,1 iii, a aff/1,64 2442 INVENTOR: W 9; 4

WITNESSES: I 9

B; 1155 Al/ameys, fawn/ad im/w E; 3/LMM V60 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIeE.

JAMES J. WOOD, OF BROOKLYN, NE\V YORK.

JOURNAL-BEARING.

SPECIFICATION forining part of Letters Patent No. 421,089, datedFebruary 11, 1890. Application filed October 9, 1889- Serial No.326,465- (No mulch), v

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that 1, J AMES J. W001), a citizen of the United States,residing in Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, haveinvented. certain new and useful Improvements in Journal-Bearings, ofwhich the following is a specification.

This invention relates to journal-bearings applicable to machinerygenerally.

I The object of the invention is to provide a bearing which will notbind the journal in case of its expansion through heating, as sometimesoccurs by reason of deficient or suspended lubrication.

Another object of the invention is to provide bearings which will allowof a slight imperfection of alignment without interfering with theperfect running of the shaft.

To these ends my improved bearing iseonstrncted with the bearing-framebored out somewhat larger than has been heretofore usual and with ayielding or elastic bushing interposed between the journal and thebearing-frame. This yielding bushing consists of a tubular sleeve havinginternal bearingfaces for upholding'(either directly or through ,theintermediation of an inner bushing) the journal which turns within it,and having external bearing-faces which are seated in the bore in thebearing-frame. The internal and external faces are arranged in differentpositions, instead of being in line with or di rectly opposite oneanother, and the portions of the sleeve intervening between the externaland internal faces are made sufficiently thin to be/suitably elastic oryielding, so that any slight changes-in the size or in the axialposition of the journal relatively to the unyielding bearing-frame willbe compensated for or taken up by the flexure or slight distortion ofthese intervening yielding portions. In the preferred construction aninner bushing is provided in which the journal turns, and between thisbushing and the bore in the bearing-frame is -interposed the yieldingbushing or sleeve.

slightly from its general internal and external surfaces, and these feetare preferably extended longitudinally, the diiference'of position ofthe external and internal bearingfaces being in angular direction.Either the This yielding bushing has its external and internalbearing-faces constructed preferably as Ifeet projecting I internal orthe external feet or bearing-faces. are made short and confined to themiddle' portion of the bushing, so that the journal and inner bushingmay be canted angularly slightly out of the true alignment of the shaftby a correspondingdistortion of the yielding bushing.

Having given thus a general or preliminary outline of my invention, Iwill now proceed to describe .it in detail in its preferred form and incertain modified forms,with reference to the accompanyingdrawings, whereFigure 1 is an end elevation of the frame of a dynamo-electric machine,to the armatore-shaft of which my invention is applied. Fig. 2 is avertical longitudinal section of said frame and shaft, showing both thebearings of the shaft constructed according to my invention. Fig. 3 is afragmentary section of one of the bearings shown in Fig. 2, on a largerscale. Fig. 4 is a transverse section of the'shaft, showing in elevationthe bearing seen in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a transverse section on the line 55 in Fig. 3. vation partly in longitudinal mid-section, and Fig. 7 is atransverse section on the line- 7 7, showing the preferred form of theyieldi'ng bushing. Fig. 8 is an end elevation, and Fig. 9 a sideelevation,partly in longitudinal mid-section, showing the preferred formof the inner bushing. The remaining views show modifications. Fig. 10 isa transverse section answering to Fig. 7. Fig. 11 is atransverse sectionof another modification, the view answering to Fig. 5.. Fig. 12 is anelevation, answering tov Fig. 4, of a further modification of thebearing, the shaft being in section.

Figs. 13, 14, and 15 show another Fig. 6 is a side elemodification, Fig.13 answering to Fig. 3 except that the shaft is removed, Fig. 14 being aside elevation of the outer bushing, and Fig. 15 an end view of the twobushings. Figs. 16 and 17 show another modification, Fig. 16 being aview answering-to Fig.3, and Fig. 17 a side elevation of the bushings,the outerone partly in section. Fig. 18 is a section answering to Fig.3, showing another jmodificat-ion. Fig. 19 is a similar section showingstill another modification.

I will first describe the construction of my invention shown in Figs. 1to 9.

Although here shown as applied to a dyname-electric machine, it isobvious that my invention is applicable generally as a hearing formachinery, and is not limited to dynamo-machines or to other machineshaving frames and shaft-s similarly arranged.

In the particular machine shown in Figs. 1 and 2, A A are the oppositeend frames constituting tho bearing-frames for the shaft. ll ii are thecores of the field-magnets, which constitute connecting cross-frames foruniting the frames A A. (i C are the pole-pieces of the dynamo. l) isthe armature-shaft, and E the pulley. The shaft 1) is hung in twohearings in the end framesA A. One of these hearings is shown in detailin Figs.

3 to 0, inclusive, while the other bearing is of substantially-the sameconstruction. In each bearing the shaft-journal a turns in a bushing 1which is preferably made of gunmetal or any other suitable metal, andwhich is shown in detail in Figs. 8 and 9. This bushing I is held in ayielding bushing G, (shown in detail in Figs. 6 and 7,) and the bushingG is supported in the bore h in the bearing-frame A. The bearing-frame Ais preferably widened at the hearing by being cast with bosses on itsopposite sides to form a hub c, as usual.

The inner bushing F presents no especial characteristics and need notessentially differ from any ordinary bearing-bushing heretofore used.Preferably, however, it is formed with an enlargement or collar 1-, Fig.9, around its middle portion, and on its inner or bearing surface ithas, preferably, spiral grooves e e for facilitating the distribution ofoilover the surface of the journal.

The bearing-frame A has its here I) turned somewhat larger thanheretofore, sufficiently to leave room around the innerbushing F for theyielding bushing or sleeve G. This yielding bushing G embodies thecharacteristic features of my invention. It consists of a tube or sleevepreferably cylindrical, or approximately so, and having external andinternal bcarin g-faces, lettered, respectively, f f and g g, as bestshown in Fig. 7, where there are four of each suchfaces. Theserespective faces are preferably raised somewhat beyondthe generalexterior and interior eontours of the sleeve, so that they may bereadily faced off by boring, turning, or milling. The construction ofthese bearing-faces as such projecting feet, however, is not essential.The internal and external bearingfaees are arranged at diil'crentpositions, so that they are. not opposite or in line with one another,and between them are the portions h h of the tube, which are out ofeontactboth exteriorly and interiorl y and are suiliciently thin to beslightly yielding. or elastic. The result of this construction is thatin case the journal a should run dry, and the journal and bushing Fshould consequently expand, their expansion will simply press theportions 9 g of the sleeve G outwardly, while the per-' tions it h ofthesleeve will yield or ilex, their wise be the case.

llexure taking up the expansion, so that the bushing F isnot bound fast,and so that consequently the bushing is not made to tightly embrace thejournal and lock it fast, as would be thccase if it were seated tightlyin an unyielding bore of the bearing-frame. As the journal andbearing-bushing F subsequently cool down and contract the outward thrustagainst the faces q q,-dno to the expansion of the bushing, is relieved,and the elasticity of the portions h It of the bushing (l restores thelatter to its normal shape.

It is essential to the fullrealization of the use of my invention thatthe inner bushing F shall be made of a metal having a higher cocilicientof expansion than that of the journal a, so that as the bearing heatsand the journal expands the bushing F shall expand in a greater ratio,and thereby shall cause the journal to run more loosely instead oftightening around the journal, as would other- In practice the shaft isbest made of steel and the bushing of gunmetal or phosphor-ln'onze,,which have a coefficient of expansion about double that of steel. Withsuch a bushing fitted solidly in an unyielding bore in thebearing-frame, as has been practiced prior to my invention, if thebearing heats, the expansion of the bushing, instead of taking place inan outward direction, as it does according to my invention, is forced byreason of the unyielding nature of the bore in the side frame to takelace in an inward direction, so that the bore in the bushing iscontracted, while the {ournal is at the same time expanded by the eat,and the two are thereby caused to weld fast. 'lhe constructionintroduced by myinventlon enables the bushing to expand outwardly, sothatby reason of its expansion at a greater ratio than the journal thereis no possibility ICO of its binding the journal or becoming welded toit. The outer or yieldin bushing G is preferably made of a metal havinga comparatively-low coefilcient of expansion-such, for example, asexist-iron-but this is not essential.

In order to prevent the relative displace; ment of the bushings, theinner bushing F is held to the bushing G by means of sot-screws i i,(shown best in Fig.5,) which'arc screwed through the outer bushingpartlyinto the inner one. The outer bushing is held in place by a set-screw j,(shown best in Fig. 3,) which is screwed through the boss 0 and entersthe bnshiugG.

'lhe bearing-faces f and g on thcsloeve or bushing G are extendedpreferably in longitudinal direction, as clearly shown in Fig. 6, sothat the yielding portions h h are in the form of longitudinal stripsextending between the bearing-faces. In fact, the entire portion of thebushing- G extending from one foot orbearing-face f to the next face 1is essentially yielding, the only unyielding portions of they ing bore bin the bearing-frame. Owing,

however, to the thickening of the bearingfaces 9 g in the preferredconstruction, as shown in Fig. 7, the yielding or flexure of the metalis chiefly confined to the intervening portion between these faces andthe faces f f. As shown in Figs. 3 and 6, the inner faces g g are madequite short and arranged midway of the length of the bushing G to comein contact with the collar (1, Fig. 9, on the bushing F, while theexternal feet 01' faces f f extend from end to end of thebushing G. Thisshortening of the inner faces facilitates the yielding of the bushing Gto compensate for any slight tilting of the journal out of truealignment of the bushing. For example, in case the bearing-bores b b inthe two end frames A A in Fig. 2 are not brought exactly in line withone another, so that the axes of the bores and the axis of the shaft donot exactly coincide, their want of coincidence will be compensated forby the distortion or flexure of the bushing G, the inner faces 9 g ofwhich will stand at a slight inclination rela tively to the outer facesffl. This is an importantadvantage, since by the use of my improvedbearing it is not necessary that the two bearings shall be bored withgreat nicety of workmanship, so as to be in exactly the same line, to dowhich heretofore it has been necessary to bore or counterbore or reamthe two bores 12 I) both at one time by the use of a special boring-baror rea-mer. Instead myinvention permits of the bores being formed byboring the frames A A before they are put together and by the use of anyordinary bor-- ing-machine and jigs. Any want of nice accuracy ofalignment, which with a solid bushing as heretofore applied would causethe shaft to bind and heat or cut at itsjournals, will with my improvedbearing produce no efiect whatever upon the shaft, which runs assmoothly and freely as if the two bearings were in perfect alignment.

The lubrication of the journal is easily ef fected in the use of myinvention. An oilcup H, having a controllable drip-feed, is mounted ontop ofeach of the frames A, an oil-ductbeing formed through each frameto conduct the oil from this cup down to the bearing. The oil enters thenarrow hollow space or chamber Z, Figs. 3 and 5 on top of.

the bushing G and flows down through an opening t in the upper side ofthe two bushings G and F, where it communicates with the spiral'groovese e, by which the oil is distributed over the journal. The oil is keptfrom) running out of the space Z at the opposite ends byfianges Z,formed onthe ends of the bushing G to close this space. The oil whichpasses out at the opposite ends of the journal is thrown oficentrifugally from beads on m. and is caught in annular grooves n '11,formed in the bosses c c, and from these grooves it runs down and flowsthrough the bottom channel 10 into a bore q, extending down through theframe, as shown in Fig. 2,

shown in Fig. 3, in which case the beadsm 'm,

for centrifugally throwing 0d the oil, may

,well be formed on these collars, as shown;

or these beads may be formed by being turned on the shaft itself, asshown at the left-hand bearing in Fig. 2. r

Fig. 10 shows three outside and three inside bearing feet or facesapplied to the bushing G instead of four, as are shown in the previousfigures. Any number of these feet or faces may be used instead.

Instead of forming the bearing-faces f and g as projecting feet upon thesleeve G, this sleeve may be made as a plain tube and its bearing-facesbe determined by projections f f on the interior of the bore or openingin the bearing-frame A and by outward projec'tions' g g on the bushingF, as shown in Fig. 11. The portions of the tube or sleeve G between theprojections constitute the yielding or flexible parts to the same'eflectas the portions h h in Figs. 3 to 7.

Although my invention is most advantageous as applied to bearings formedin solid frames which are bored out to admit the shaft through them, yetit is applicable to bearings which are mounted on frames so as to beremovable therefrom or adjustable thereon, and to those which are madewith a bearing-cap to admit of'the removal of the shaft by lifting itout instead of by drawing it out endwise. Fig-12 shows a pillow-bearingA mounted on top of the frame A and fastened thereto by bolts 3 s; Thebearing is made with a removable bearing-cap A ,-of usual art.

In the modification shown in Figs. 13, 14, and 15 the inner bushing F isor may be of the same construction as shown in Figs. 8 and 9, and thebearingframe A and its bore 6 and oil-ducts are of the sameconstruction.

The bushing G, however, is considerably modified, in that its internalbearing-faces g g are merged into one single bearing-face extendingentirely around the internal circumference of the bushing at its middle,while its external bearing-faces f f are provided only at its oppositeends, where they are made in the form of flanges extending around the Iwill proceed to describe some such modifications, leaving other possiblemodifications to be inferred by those skilled in the bushing and fittingtightly in the bore 1). Be-' tween the outer bearing-faces ff and theinner bearing-face g is a considerable portion of the sleeve which isout of contact both externally and internally, and it is this whichforms the yielding or flexible portion of the bushing. As the bushing 1expands the middle'bearing portion 9 of the bushing G expands also, theexpansion being taken up by the flexure of the portions h h. To preventeither the bursting of the middle portion of the bushing (i or its undueresistance to expansion, it is preferably slittcd longitudinally, asshown at a in Fig. 14, so that this slitmay -open out slightly as theinner bushing expands. The respective bushings are held againstdisplacement by set-screws t and j. The oil is introduced through a tubeIt, which screws into the bushing G and communicates with the-orifice tin the inner bushing.

The construction shown in Figs. 1c and 17 is precisely the reverse ofthat just described, in that the inner bearing-faces of the bushing Gare at its ends, while its outer bearing face is at its middle. Theinner bearingfaces are the portions in contact with flanges g onopposite ends of the inner bushing F, while the outer bearing-face f isformed as a collar or band on the exterior of the middle portion of thebushing G.

Fig. 18 shows a further amplification of these last two modifications,the inner bushing F and the yielding bushing G next outside of it, beingof the construction last described and a second yielding bushing ti', ofthe same construction as the bushing G in Fig. 13, is added outside ofthe bushing G, so

" that the expanding and contracting or angular movements of the innerbushing are coinpcnsated for by the yielding or flexure of both theouter bushings G G.

Fig. 1.) shows a modification embodying, as I believe, the simplest formof which my invention is susceptible. The bushings F and G are herecombined into one bushing, which performs the functions of both. Thisbushing has interior bearing-faces g g at its opposite ends, in whichthe shaft-journal (1. turns, the bushing being cut away between them.atr, thereby forming an oil-space. On its exterior the bushing has abearing-face f, extending in the form of a collar around itscircumference. The intermediate portions h it constitute the yielding orelastic parts of the bushing. The bushing may be held in place by aset-screw 1:, (shown in dotted lines.)

The several modifications shown in Figs. 13 to 19, inclusive, areequally adapted with the preferred construction first described to allowsome deflection of the axis of the shaft from exact alignment orcoincidence with the axis of the bore b of the bushing by reason of thedistortion of the yielding portion of the metal h h intervening betweenthe external and internal bearing-faces.

I prefer to inakeethe internal bushing 1 of gun-metal and the yieldingbushing G of cast-iron, or, in the construction shown in Fig. 19, tomake the entire bushing of gunmetal.

I claim as my invention the following-deiined novel features andcombinations, substantially as hereinbelore specified, namely: 1: Ayielding bushing for journal-bearings, consisting of a tubular sleeveformed with internal and external bearing-faces arranged in dilferentpositions with elastic or yielding portions of the sleeve intervening,whereby an expansive thrust against the inner faces will be compensatedfor by the ilcxure of said intervening yielding portions.

2. A yielding bushing for journal-bearings, consistingof a tubularsleeve formed with internal and external bearing-faces arranged toextend longitudinally of the sleeve in different angular positions, withelastic or yield- .ing portions of the sleeve intervening,whereby anexpansive thrust against the inner faces will be compensated for by theilexure of said intervening yielding portions.

Ajonrnal-bearing consisting of the combination, with the journal andsupporting-' frame, of a yielding bushing within which the journalturns, constructed as a tubular sleeve with internal bearing-faces tosupport the journal and with external bearing-faces seated against theframe, the internal and external t'ac'es being located out ofcoincideuce with one another, with elastic or yielding portions of thesleeve intervening, whereby the bushing compensates by the flexure ofits yielding portions for changes in the size or position of the journalrelatively to the frame.

4. A journal-bearing consistingof the conibination, with the journal andsupportingframe, of an inner bushing in which the journal has itsbearing and a yielding bushing intervening between said bushing and theframe, constructed as a tubular sleeve with internal bearing-faces incontact with the inner bushing and with external bearing-faces seated'against the frame, the internal and external faces being located out ofcoincidence with one another, with elastic or yielding portions of thesleeve intervening, whereby the bushing compensates by the flexure ofits yielding portions for changes in the size or position of the journaland inner bushing relatively to the frame.

5. A journal-bearing consisting of the combination, with the journal andsup ortingframe, of an inner bushing, in which tiie journal has itsbearing, of a metal having a higher coefficient of expansion than themetal of the journal, whereby as the bearing heats the bushing tends toexpand in greater ratio than the journal and thereby to loosen the fitof the journal, and ayielding bushing intervening between said bushingand the frame, constructed with internal bearing-faces to support theinner bushing and with external bearing-faces arranged out ofcoincidence therewith and seated against the frame,

whereby the yielding bushing compensates by its fiexure for changes inthe size of the inner bushing.

6; A journal-bearing consisting of .the combination, with the journaland supportingframe, of an inner bushing in which the journal has itsbearing and a yielding bushing intervenin gbetween saidbushing and theframe, constructed as a tubular sleeve with external bearing-faces incontact with the frame and internal bearing-faces supporting the innerbushing, said external and internal bearingfaces being arranged the oneat the ends and the other at the middle portion of the sleeve, and withelastic or yielding portions intervening between said internal andexternal bearing-faces, whereby by the flexure or distortion of theintervening portions the bushing compensates for deflections of thejournal and inner bushing out of true alignment or coincidence with theaxis of the bearing.

7. The combination, with a bearing-frame formed with an oil-duct leadingto its bear- -bore, of a bearing-bushing and a yielding bushingintervening between said bushing and the. bore, constructed as a tubularing-faces extending longitudinally in contact with the bore, and withexternal flanges extending between said external bearing-faces on theside communicating with the oil-duct to prevent escape of oil, and anoil-duct formed through the two bushings for admitting the oil from saidduct therethrough to the journal.

8. The combination, withthe bearing-frame and inner or beating bushing,of an intermediate yielding bushing and a screw or pin uniting the innerto the intermediate bushing, and a screw or pin uniting the intermediatebushing to the bearing-frame, whereby the displacement of the bushingsrelatively to each other and to the frame is prevented.

In witness whereof I'have hereunto signed my naine in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

JAMES J. WOOD. Witnesses:

ARTHUR C. FRAsER, J NO. E. GAVIN.

